What Will Happen If We Do Not Stop Global Warming – Richard B Rood receives funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Park Service. He is affiliated with the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society and writes for their ClimatePolicy.org blog.
The Earth’s climate is changing rapidly. We know this from billions of observations, documented in thousands of journal articles and texts, and summarized every few years by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The main cause of this change is the release of carbon dioxide from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas.
What Will Happen If We Do Not Stop Global Warming
One of the goals of the international Paris Agreement on climate change is to limit the rise in the average global surface air temperature to 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times. There is a further commitment to work towards limiting the rise to 1.5℃.
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The Earth has basically reached the 1℃ threshold. Despite the avoidance of millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions through the use of renewable energy, increased efficiency and conservation efforts, the rate of increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere remains high.
International plans on how to deal with climate change are very difficult to come up with and take decades. Most scientists and climate negotiators were horrified by President Trump’s announcement that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement.
But politics aside, how much warming are we already trapped in? If we stopped emitting greenhouse gases now, why would the temperature continue to rise?
Carbon dioxide that accumulates in the atmosphere insulates the earth’s surface. It’s like a warm blanket that holds you. This energy raises the average temperature of the earth’s surface, warms the oceans and melts the polar ice. As a result, sea levels rise and the weather changes.
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The average global temperature has risen. Anomalies are relative to the 1961-1990 average temperature. Based on IPCC Assessment Report 5, Working Group 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Ministry of the Environment and Climateguide.fi, CC BY-ND
Since 1880, after carbon dioxide emissions increased with the Industrial Revolution, the global average temperature has risen. Thanks to the internal variations associated with the El Niño weather pattern, we have been more than 1.5℃ above average for months. Sustained temperatures above the 1 ℃ threshold are imminent. Each of the past three decades has been warmer than the previous decade, as well as warmer than the entire last century.
The North and South Poles are warming much faster than the global average temperature. The ice sheets in both the Arctic and Antarctic are melting. The ice in the Arctic Ocean is melting and the permafrost is melting. 2017 saw an impressive decline in Antarctic sea ice, reminiscent of the 2007 decline in the Arctic.
Ecosystems on land and sea are changing. The observed changes are consistent and consistent with our theoretical understanding of Earth’s energy balance and simulations from models used to understand past variability and help us think about the future.
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An enormous iceberg, estimated to be 21 miles by 12 miles, breaks off from the Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica. NASA, CC BY
What would happen to the climate if we stopped emitting carbon dioxide today, right now? Would you like to return to the climate of our ancestors?
The simple answer is no. When we release the carbon dioxide stored in the fossil fuels we burn, it accumulates and moves between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and plants and animals in the biosphere. The released carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. Only after many millennia will it return to rock, for example by forming calcium carbonate – limestone – when the shells of marine organisms settle to the bottom of the ocean. But on timescales that matter to humans, once released carbon dioxide is in our environment essentially forever. It doesn’t go away unless we remove it ourselves.
To stop the accumulation of heat, we would have to eliminate not only carbon dioxide emissions, but all greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide. We should also reverse deforestation and other land uses that affect the Earth’s energy balance (the difference between energy coming from the sun and energy returning to space). We should radically change our agriculture. Doing so would eliminate additional warming of the planet and limit the rise in air temperature. Such interruption of heating is not possible.
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So if we stop emitting carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels today, that is not the end of the global warming story. There is a delay when the air temperature rises, as the atmosphere catches up with all the heat that the Earth has accumulated. After perhaps another 40 years, scientists predict that the climate will stabilize at a temperature that is higher than normal for previous generations.
This decades-long lag between cause and effect is the result of the long time it takes for the vast mass of the ocean to warm. The energy trapped on Earth by rising carbon dioxide does more than warm the air. Melt the ice; warms the ocean. Compared to air, it is more difficult for water to raise its temperature; it takes time – decades. But as the ocean temperature rises, it will release heat back into the air and be measured as surface warming.
Scientists are conducting thought experiments to make it easier to think about the complex processes of reducing emissions and limiting warming. The experiment resulted in the forcing or effect of greenhouse gases on the Earth’s energy balance to the level of 2000, which means a very low level of permanent emissions. It was found that when the warming of the oceans reaches the atmosphere, the Earth’s temperature would increase by about 0.6℃. Scientists call this threatened warming. The ice, which is also responding to the increased heat in the ocean, will continue to melt. There is already compelling evidence that many glaciers are being lost in the West Antarctic ice sheets. Ice, water and air – the extra heat trapped on Earth by carbon dioxide affects everything. What has been melted will remain melted and more will be melted.
Ecosystems are changed by natural and human-induced events. When they recover, the climate will be different from the one from which they evolved. The climate in which they recover will not be stable; it will continue to heat up. There will be no new normal, just more change.
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In any case, there is currently no way to stop carbon dioxide emissions. Despite significant progress in renewable energy sources, overall energy demand is accelerating and carbon dioxide emissions are rising. As a climate and space science teacher, I teach my students that they need to plan for a 4℃ warmer world. A 2011 report by the International Energy Agency states that if we do not deviate from our current path, we are on track for a 6℃ warmer Earth. Even now, after the Paris Agreement, the path is basically the same. It’s hard to say we’re on a new path until we see a peak and then a decline in carbon emissions. With the roughly 1℃ of warming we’ve already seen, the observed changes are already alarming.
There are many reasons why we need to eliminate our carbon dioxide emissions. The climate is changing rapidly; if this pace slows down, the affairs of nature and people are more easily adjusted. The total amount of change, including sea level rise, may be limited. The further we move away from the climate we know, the more unreliable our model guidance becomes and the less likely we are to be able to prepare.
It is possible that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will continue to increase even if emissions are reduced. The warmer the planet, the less carbon dioxide the ocean can absorb. Rising temperatures in the polar regions make it more likely that carbon dioxide and methane, another planet-warming greenhouse gas, will be released from storage in frozen land and ocean reservoirs, exacerbating the problem.
If we stop our shows today, we will not go back to the past. The earth will warm. And since the response to warming is more warming due to the feedbacks associated with melting ice and increasing atmospheric water vapor, our job becomes to limit warming. If greenhouse gas emissions are eliminated quickly enough, within a few decades warming will be kept under control and the goals of the Paris Agreement will be met. This will delay the changes and allow us to adapt. Instead of trying to bring back the past, we need to think about the best possible future.
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This article was updated on July 7, 2017 to clarify the potential effects of stopping carbon dioxide emissions and other factors affecting global warming.
This article has been updated from the original version published in December 2014, when the international climate talks in Lima were laying the groundwork for the 2015 Paris Agreement. There are many reasons to stop using drugs: family and friends, if they worry, you can leave . your finances in shambles, they put you in jail and
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