How To Make A Custom Hole Punch – This article is about a tool for making holes in paper. For the computer networking technique, see hole punch (networking).
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How To Make A Custom Hole Punch
A hole punch, also known as a hole puncher or paper puncher, is an office tool used to make holes in sheets of paper, often for the purpose of stacking the sheets in a binder or folder. A hole punch can also refer to similar tools for other materials, such as leather, cloth, or plastic or metal sheets.
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The essential parts of a hole punch are the handle, the punch head and the die. In general, the punch head is a cylinder, with a flat d called the face. The die is a flat plate, with a hole at the top. The head can move, while the body is fixed in place. The head and die are usually made of hardened metal, with precise tolerances. One or more sheets of paper are placed between the head and the die, with the flat face of the head parallel to the face of the leaf. The manual moving head pushes directly through the paper sheets. The hard edge of the punch cuts a hole in the paper against the die, pushing the cut piece out from under the die. A piece of scrap paper is called a chad.
The handle acts as a lever, reducing the amount of force required by the operator. Generally, the travel distance of the cylinder is very short — about the thickness of a sheet of paper — so the cylinder is positioned close to the fulcrum of the lever. For low volume hole punches, the lever handle should be no longer than 8 cm (3.1 inches) for adequate strength. Hole punches for larger paper (hundreds of sheets) have longer lever arms, but operate similarly.
There are hole punchers that punch multiple hole patterns at once, especially for joining several sheets together (see § Applications). Such punches generally provide two paper guides for alignment. There will be a guide on the side of the paper to be punched, and determines the distance of the holes from the edge of the paper (edge or gutter). The other guide will be on one side, and place the hole between the top and bottom of the page. One or both addresses may be adjustable.
In multi-hole punches, the positions of individual punch heads can also be adjusted. Typically, one or more punching heads are mounted on an indirect fitting, which can slide along the rail. A set screw holds each fitting in place. There may be markings on the device to indicate the locations of standard holes. There may be areas where the punch head will not contact the actuation handle, allowing the hole to “stick”.
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Some punch designs use hollow punch heads (thin-walled tubes), with a sharp blade on the edge. This allows the chamfers to move up and out as the paper is cut, making it more suitable for larger volumes of paper. For very large amounts of paper, a paper drill can be used instead of a punch.
Single hole punching makes one hole per feature, usually in an arbitrary position (ie, without alignment guidelines).
Single hole punches are often used to punch an entry ticket or other document to indicate that it has been used or processed. A special punch can be used for this purpose. Some token punches have a longer reach / depth (allowing for punching in a specific spot on the token) or a specific shape punch instead of a round hole.
Single hole punches are often used in casinos to punch holes through old playing cards, marking them as “used” or “discarded”. This helps reduce cheating by eliminating any cards that players may have tampered with.
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Single hole punches are widely used in the British Civil Service where papers are punched with a single hole in the top left corner and secured using a treasure tag.
Single hole punches can also be used for binding, with one loose binding ring, although this is much less common than ring binders.
A related office tool is the eye punch. This is a single hole punch which also closes a loop of metal around the hole, like a rivet. It is used to permanently bind several sheets of paper together.
A similar tool, commonly known as a hole pin, is used in animal husbandry. A common application is to attach ear tags to livestock.
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Special hand-operated tape punches were used to make minor repairs and adjustments to the punched paper tapes used to store data on tape recorders or early computers. Broken or damaged tapes are sometimes fixed with special jigs, split with special adhesive tape, and hole coding data is manually restored using such punches. The ASCII character code included a special DELETE or DEL character defined as each hole punched (code 7F), allowing an invalid character to be canceled by punching an additional hole.
Multi-hole punches usually place a pattern of holes on one edge of a piece of paper, allowing the sheets to be stapled together.
The most common use for multi-hole punched paper is with a ring binder. The book-like cover is fitted with fun circles that match the perforated pattern. The rings may be split open, sheets of paper passed over them, and the rings closed again.
Different types of holes are used for ring binding. In most of the world, two-hole and four-hole punches conforming to ISO 838 are the norm. In the United States, the three-hole punch is the most common. § See the standards.
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There are other binding techniques that use hole punching. Coil binding uses a spring-like coil, threaded into a hole. Comb banding uses a plastic strip with “fingers” that go into the hole. Both use their own types of special hole punches. Comb binding usually punches 19 or 23 rectangular holes (for letter and A4 paper sizes, respectively).
The origin of the hole punch dates back to Germany through Matthias Thiel, where two of the first punches were designed for a tool to “punch holes in paper”.
Friedrich Sonnick filed his patent on November 14, 1886 for his Papierlocher für Sammelmapp, a multi-hole punch and office supply product.
A Google Doodle was used on 14 November 2017 to celebrate the 131st anniversary of the hole punch.
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The first record for a single-hole puncher – the token punch – was published in 1885, when Benjamin Smith helped create a spring-loaded hole puncher that had a slot for collecting chads. Smith called it a “leader punch”. The paper punch was later refined by Charles Brooks in 1893, and was referred to as the ticket punch because of its main role in punching train tickets, which became increasingly popular and common between 1850 and 1900.
Concerns about the age of the hole punch have been raised because most paper documents are now online, making their use irrelevant.
The international standard ISO 838 specifies two holes, with a diameter of 80 ± 0.5 mm, and located 12 ± 1 mm from the nearest edge of the paper, and the pair of holes are located symmetrically with this edge. Each hole should have a diameter of 6 ± 0.5 mm. Any paper format that is at least 100 mm high can be recorded using this system (eg ISO A7 and larger). A printed document with 20-25 mm margins will fit the ISO 838 filing hole.
A four-hole extension to ISO 838 is also commonly used. Two holes are punched as per standard, plus two additional holes located 80mm outside the standard holes. The two extra holes provide more stability in 4-color binders, while still allowing 4-hole paper to fit 2-color binders. Sometimes this extension is called the “888” system, because there is a gap of three 8 cm between the holes. Some two-hole punches have an “888” mark on their paper guide, to help punch the four holes into A4 paper.
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The United States and a few other countries use non-ISO paper standards, defined in ANSI/ASME Y14.1 and other internal standards. Unlike ISO 838, there appears to be no established official specification for ANSI paper perforation patterns, and are instead de facto standards, established by tradition.
Hole diameters vary among manufacturers, with common values ranging from 1⁄4 to 5⁄16 inches (6 to 8 mm). of the
A value of 5⁄16 is commonly used, as it allows tighter tolerances in the ring binder and paper punch. The distance to the edge of the paper is also different
8+ 1 ⁄2 x 11 inches, 220 x 280 mm), the three-hole standard is widely used. The holes are positioned in proportion to the shafts
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8+ 1⁄2 x 14 inches, 220 x 360 mm), 4 hole system available. It is still used today, but is not as common as the 3-hole standard. The four holes are positioned symmetrically with the axes
3+1
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